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MS Vista DRM: Just as Bad as You Heard, Straight from MS
by djlosch
On a Vista blog, a member of the Vista team bounces around Vista DRM. He's probably referring to this famous Vista DRM article which totally blasts MS for all the content protection that will be forced down users throats, and how those who are not even using content that "needs" protection will suffer.
Over the holidays, a paper was distributed that raised questions about the content protection features in Windows Vista. The paper draws sharp conclusions about the implications of those features for our customers. As one of the Lead Program Managers for the technologies in question, I would like to share our views on these questions.
In other words, the auckland article blasted MS, and MS needs to fire back with some marketspeak.
Windows Vista includes content protection infrastructure specifically designed to help ensure that protected commercial audiovisual content, such as newly released HD-DVD or Blu-Ray discs, can be enjoyed on Windows Vista PCs.
In other words, the labels and the studios struck some sort of deal with MS. MS wants to play HD/BR-DVD discs and so MS handed the *AAs lock and key, regardless of the detriment. These requirements are from the *AAs, but MS is passing them on to the users.
Associating usage policies with commercial content is not new to Windows Vista, or to the industry. In fact, much of the functionality discussed in the paper has been part of previous versions of Windows, and hasn't resulted in significant consumer problems - as evidenced by the widespread consumer use of digital media in Windows XP.
MS is effectively saying "We've duped you before, and we're going to do it again." The "evidence" used to back these claims of "[in]significant consumer problems" is completely unrelated. The "widespread consumer use of digital media" in WinXP is typically DRM-free mp3s or uses Apple's DRM. #1 is iTunes, and #2 is eMusic. Every geek knows this, and nothing with PlayForSure (Napster, Real, or any spinoffs) is even close to competing. The thumbscrews are getting tighter.
Contrary to claims made in the paper, the content protection mechanisms do not make Windows Vista PCs less reliable than they would be otherwise -- if anything they will have the opposite effect, for example because they will lead to better driver quality control.
Anyone who is familiar with closed systems knows how misguided this statement is. Look at most handheld platforms, where the manufacturers hold their SDKs under lock and key. You won't find any software outside of firmware hacks by geeks in a garage. MS calls it quality control - I call it profit-protection.
The paper implies that Microsoft decides which protections should be active at any given time. This is not the case. The content protection infrastructure in Windows Vista provides a range of a la carte options that allows applications playing back protected content to properly enable the protections required by the policies established for such content by the content owner or service provider.
So rather than MS being the one's telling you "No", it's the *AAs telling you "No". In this "range of a la carte options" is there any option to enable for a significant duration before and after playing media? And, what happens when one plays audio while doing other work? Do you really need an answer? These are the same people involved with the rootkit scandal, and those who sue dead people, pre-schoolers, and people who have never owned a computer ever.
Do these content protection requirements apply equally to the Consumer Electronics industry supplied player devices such as an HD-DVD or Blu-Ray player? Generally the requirements are equivalent for all devices.
In other words, your fancy computer has just been dumbed down to the pansy power of a set-top box. Way to go MS.
When are Windows Vista's content protection features actually used? Windows Vista's content protection mechanisms are only used when required by the policy associated with the content being played.
Since the *AAs made this policy, Vista's content protection is used whenever the *AAs request it. Given the *AAs past history, this will most likely border somewhere around 24-7. Sony's rootkit would install software that ran 24-7, regardless of whether you were listening to the DRM-disc. This is how the virus writers and MMO gold exploiters used this kit for personal gain.
Will the playback quality be reduced on some video output types? Image quality constraints are only active when required by the policy associated with the content being played, and then only apply to that specific content -- not to any other content on the user's desktop. As a practical matter, image constraint will typically result in content being played at no worse than standard definition television resolution. In the case of HD optical media formats such as HD-DVD and Blu-Ray, the constraint requirement is 520K pixels per frame (i.e., roughly 960x540), which is still higher than the native resolution of content distributed in the DVD-Video format. We feel that this is still yields a great user experience, even when using a high definition screen.
Wow, that was nearly 6 lines to say "Yes, playback quality will be reduced on video output." Once again, the content industry made these policies and will, from their past history, most likely enforce these policies to the max. It is true that 960x540 is actually better than DVD (which is typically 720x480). However, 960x540 is nowhere near that of 1920x1080 (the resolution of HD/BR-DVD). You're getting a quarter of the pixel data when authentication is not found.
Will the Windows Vista content protection board robustness recommendations increase the cost of graphics cards and reduce the number of build options? Everything was moving to be integrated on the one chip anyway and this is independent of content protection recommendations. Given that cost (particularly chip cost) is most heavily influenced by volume, it is actually better to avoid making things optional through the use of external chips. It is a happy side effect that this technology trend also reduces the number of vulnerable tracks on the board.
Once again, multiple lines to say something simple: "Yes, content protection will increase graphics card cost and it will reduce the number of build options." MS thinks "optional" hardware is so bad, right? MS must think this is the case with their X360, as the hard drive is optional and so is the HD-DVD drive.
Will Windows Vista content protection features increase CPU resource consumption? Yes. However, the use of additional CPU cycles is inevitable, as the PC provides consumers with additional functionality.
Thats the first straight-forward answer we've received so far. However, I see why there is a technical requirement for all this content protection. Ah, yes. That's because there isn't one. The requirement is completely legal, and it's because the *AAs want to sell you back your fair use. And we're not getting additional functionality - Nick just told us above that our computers were being dumbed down to the weakness of a standalone set-top box.
Aren't there already output content protection features in Windows XP? Yes. Output content protections are not new requirements for commercial content. The CSS content protection system for DVD-video discs requires output protections such as Macrovision ACP and limiting the resolution on component video outputs to standard definition. Windows XP has supported these requirements for some time.
WinXP doesn't support DVD out of the box. You'll need some driver installed, typically with CyberLink's PowerDVD or WinDVD. Most consumers who bought their PC from big retailers paid for PowerDVD or WinDVD in their total. In other words, a policy was invented, just so a fee could be charged. The policy is being extended this time.
Is content protection something that is tied to High Definition video? While HD content has some unique content protection requirements, many of the requirements apply to commercial content generally, independent of resolution.
In other words, content protection applies to everything the studios/labels want it to, not just HD content.
Will Component (YPbPr) video outputs be disabled by Windows Vista's content protection? Similar to S/PDIF, Windows Vista does not require component video outputs to be disabled, but rather enables the enforcement of the usage policy set by content owners or service providers, including with respect to output restrictions and image constraint.
Once again, content providers decide how you use your own content.
What is revocation and where is it used? Renewal and revocation mechanisms are an important part of providing robust protection for commercial audiovisual content. In the rare event that a revocation is required, Microsoft will work with the affected IHV to ensure that a new driver is made available, ideally in advance of the actual revocation. Revocation only impacts a graphics driver's ability to receive certain commercial audiovisual content; otherwise, the revoked driver will continue to function normally.
Revocation is when a driver or key gets hacked, and the content providers decide that key is no longer valid. The key will no longer work for any new media, thus requiring that you update your firmware. I can see it now:
W: Honey, we got that new DVD in, let's watch it!
H: Gosh Darnit! It says that our player got hacked again, and we need to update the firmware again.
W: What does that mean?
H: I have no idea what that means, but I know that this retractable cupholder is real cool.
Okay, maybe the last line is a little overboard, but the rest is completely plausible.
Does Windows Vista's use of OMAC-authenticated communication impact graphics driver performance? The authenticated communication mechanisms used for Protected Video Path in Windows Vista are only actively used while commercial content is playing. This means that while there is a performance impact, it is limited to the scenarios where it is required to provide robust protection for commercial content.
Because no one ever leaves media playing in the background while they work or play games...

..:: Windows Media Player 11

If you haven't looked check, out the Windows Media Player 11 release notes. "Windows Media Player 11 does not permit you to back up your media usage rights (previously known as licenses)." If you want to transfer your licenses, you must contact Microsoft, or get permission from the content owner. In regards to all the media that WMP11 DRM infects, if your computer crashes, you lose your collection. This is made worse by the fact that since WinXP, there has been some copy protection mechanism in place that turns mp3s into "copy protected mp3s" when using Windows CD Burner (don't believe me? try it yourself... burn some mp3s to a cd using the windows cd burner, and then try to open those files on another computer).

Additionally, "[r]ecorded TV shows that are protected with media usage rights, such as some TV content recorded on premium channels, will not play back after 3 days when Windows Media Player 11 Beta 2 for Windows XP is installed on Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005. No known workaround to resolve this issue exists at this time." Something tells me that Microsoft is in no rush to create a "workaround."

..:: Conclusion

All in all, the Vista dev's response is loaded with marketspeak and indirect answers to embarrassing questions. MS just handed the key over to Hollywood, allowing restrictions much greater than what copyright law requires. The WMP release notes even stretch this DRM farther into user rights. This is completely and utterly unacceptable. One commenter succinctly puts it:
This essay has essentially CONFIRMED every horrible charge leveled at Vista by Gutmann. Using a bucket full of weasel words does nothing to convince me that Vista isn't screwing the consumer--or worse, the media/medical professional--for the sake of. . . of what? At the end of the day, the most infuriating thing about this crippleware is that it was done with such a blatant disregard for the consumer without a moment's hesitation. In what universe is it appropriate to give a content producer the power to turn off a user's hardware? How can you have no moral qualms with this?
The big thing here is that MS Vista is unimpressive, and littered with DRM. It's like the county advertising that they're building a 20 lane highway, but the maximum speed on it is 15 mph, and this will be enforced by tracks that pick your car up and tell you where and how you're going to drive.

I already debunked the Principled Technologies report that MS sponsored. Essentially, PT tested a single computer notably surpassing the requirements for Vista, and made the sweeping generalization that the effects in Aero are negligible on processor speed.

I'm not really a fan of Apple (they waste so much on advertising, and the hardware is grossly overpriced), but next time you look into a new system, seriously look at Apple and at least Ubuntu Linux. Even Apple is still above all this content protection nitpicking.

Post Last Updated: Jan 23, 2007 6:30 am
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Comments
Gary wrote on Thursday, 8 March '07 - 4:50:46 PM -0500 [reply]
I like this article too. But please, it's "content restriction," not "content protection."

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